Thursday, March 24, 2011

100 Scientists Who Changed the World....................


100 Scientists Who Changed the World

The list below is from the book Science: 100 Scientists Who Changed the World (Enchanted Lion Books: New York, 2003), written by John Balchin.
The names in this list are listed in chronological order. This book does not purport to list the "most influential" scientists in history, although these are presumably among them. The back cover states:
"If I saw further than others," said Sir Isaac Newton, "it is because I was standing on the shoulders of giants." Science introduces one hundred of these giants and examines their achievements: the men and women who, often in the face of extreme scepticism or worse, have striven and succeeded in pushing back the boundaries of human knowledge. Ranging across the spectrum of scientific endeavour, from the cosmology of Copernicus and Galileo, through the medical revolutions of Hippocrates and Galen, it includes the fields of physics, biology, chemistry and genetics.
This is the story of the ideas that have shaped the world today, and the ideas that will shape the future.
Anaximander c. 611-547 B.C.  
Pythagoras c. 581-497 B.C.  
Hippocrates of Cos c. 460-377 B.C.  
Democritus of Abdera c. 460-370 B.C.  
Plato c. 427-347 B.C. Platonism / Greek philosophy
Aristotle c. 384-322 B.C. Platonism / Greek philosophy
Euclid c. 330-260 B.C. Platonism / Greek philosophy
Archimedes c. 287-212 B.C. Greek philosophy
Hipparchus c. 170-125 B.C.  
Zhang Heng 78-139 A.D.  
Ptolemy 90-168 A.D.  
Galen of Pergamum 130-201 A.D.  
Al-Khwarizmi 800-850 Islam
Johannes Gutenberg 1400-1468 Catholic
Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Catholic
Nicolas Copernicus 1473-1543 Catholic (priest)
Andreas Vesalius 1514-1564 Catholic
William Gilbert 1540-1603  
Francis Bacon 1561-1626 Anglican
Galileo Galileo 1564-1642 Catholic
Johannes Kepler 1571-1630 Lutheran
William Harvey 1578-1657 Anglican (nominal)
Johann van Helmont 1579-1644  
Rene Descartes 1596-1650 Catholic
Blaise Pascal 1623-1662 Jansenist
Robert Boyle 1627-1691 Anglican
Christiann Huygens 1629-1695 Calvinist
Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 Dutch Reformed
Robert Hooke 1635-1703 Anglican
Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Anglican (rejected Trinitarianism, i.e., Athanasianism;
believed in the Arianism of the Primitive Church)
Edmund Halley 1656-1742  
Thomas Newcomen 1663-1729 Baptist
Daniel Fahrenheit 1686-1736  
Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790 Presbyterian; Deist
Joseph Black 1728-1799  
Henry Cavendish 1731-1810  
Joseph Priestley 1733-1804 Unitarian
James Watt 1736-1819 Presbyterian (lapsed)
Charles de Coulomb 1736-1806  
Joseph Montgolfier 1740-1810  
Karl Wilhelm Scheele 1742-1786  
Antoine Lavoisier 1743-1794 Catholic
Count Alessandro Volta 1745-1827 Catholic
Edward Jenner 1749-1823 Anglican
John Dalton 1766-1844 Quaker
Andre-Marie Ampere 1755-1836  
Amedo Avogadro 1776-1856 Catholic
Joseph Gay-Lussac 1778-1850  
Charles Babbage 1791-1871 Anglican
Michael Faraday 1791-1867 Sandemanian
Charles Darwin 1809-1881 Anglican (nominal); Unitarian
James Joule 1818-1920  
Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 Catholic
Johann Gregor Mendel 1822-1884 Catholic (Augustinian monk)
Jean-Joseph Lenoir 1822-1900  
Lord Kelvin 1824-1907 Anglican
James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879 Presbyterian; Anglican; Baptist
Alfred Nobel 1833-1896  
Wilhelm Gottlieb Daimler 1834-1900  
Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1907  
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 1845-1923  
Thomas Alva Edison 1847-1931 Congregationalist; agnostic
Alexander Graham Bell 1847-1922 Unitarian/Universalist
Antoine-Henri Becquerel 1852-1908 Catholic
Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915 Jewish
Nikola Tesla 1856-1943  
Sir John Joseph Thomson 1856-1940  
Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Jewish; Atheist; Freudian psychoanalysis (Freudianism)
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz 1857-1894 Lutheran
Max Planck 1858-1947 Protestant
Leo Baekeland 1863-1944  
Thomas Hunt Morgan 1866-1945  
Marie Curie 1867-1934 Catholic (lapsed)
Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937  
The Wright Brothers Wilbur: 1867-1912; Orville: 1871-1948 United Brethren
Guglielmo Marconi 1847-1937 Catholic and Anglican
Frederick Soddy 1877-1956  
Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Jewish
Alexander Fleming 1881-1955 Catholic
Robert Goddard 1882-1945  
Neils Bohr 1885-1962 Jewish Lutheran
Erwin Schrodinger 1887-1961 Catholic
Henry Moseley 1887-1915  
Edwin Hubble 1889-1953  
Sir James Chadwick 1891-1974  
Frederick Banting 1891-1941  
Louis de Broglie 1892-1987  
Enrico Fermi 1901-1954 Catholic
Werner Heisenberg 1901-1954 Lutheran
Linus Carl Pauling 1901-1994 Lutheran
Robert Oppenheimer 1904-1967 Jewish
Sir Frank Whittle 1907-1996  
Edward Teller 1908- Jewish
William Shockley 1910-1989  
Alan Turing 1912-1954 Jewish
Jonas Salk 1914-1995 Jewish
Rosalind Franklin 1920-1958 Jewish
James Dewey Watson 1928-  
Stephen Hawking 1942- atheist
Tim Berners-Lee 1955- Unitarian

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